Not known Factual Statements About 癌症

A further mutation in an oncogene may possibly bring about the cell to reproduce much more speedily plus much more often than its normal counterparts.

Genetic alterations can manifest at diverse ranges and by diverse mechanisms. The gain or loss of a whole chromosome can occur by way of problems in mitosis. More popular are mutations, which might be changes inside the nucleotide sequence of genomic DNA.

Cancers commonly come up from an assemblage of mutations and epimutations that confer a 癌症 selective advantage resulting in clonal growth (see Industry defects in progression to cancer). Mutations, nonetheless, may not be as frequent in cancers as epigenetic alterations.

某些癌症的成長會受某些荷爾蒙的增加或減少而抑制。對荷爾蒙敏感的腫瘤常見的例子有乳癌和前列腺癌,減低或增加體內雌激素或雄激素往往可用來做為補充治療的一種。

由癌症引起的慢性疼痛幾乎都與癌症本身或治療過程(手術、放射線治療、化療)所持續造成的組織損傷有關。癌症患者的疼痛並沒有明顯的產生原因。許多發生嚴重疼痛症狀的癌症患者常常已經接近生命的終點,這時進行姑息疗法會是比較好的選擇。雖然社會上普遍對使用鴉片類麻醉劑的觀感不佳,但在癌末病患的治療上,主要的考量是盡量使患者感到舒適,無論使用鴉片類麻醉劑、手術或物理療法,甚至不應考慮醫療資源的支出,而要盡力使病患能得到最好的照顧。

全身性的症狀:體重減輕、食欲不振、惡病體質、大量出汗(夜間盜汗)、貧血

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Epigenetic alterations occur routinely in cancers. For instance, just one analyze listed protein coding genes which were regularly altered in their methylation in Affiliation with colon most cancers.

不受限制的生長(不死,由於有大量端粒酶,細胞不受到細胞凋亡機制的調控)

癌症源于正常细胞转变为肿瘤细胞的多阶段过程,通常从癌前病变发展到恶性肿瘤。这些变化是一个人的遗传因素与三种外部因素相互作用的结果,外部因素包括:

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避免暴露于紫外线辐射(这主要源于阳光暴晒和人工晒黑设备)和/或采取防晒措施;

If a human could Stay prolonged ample, it truly is inescapable that no less than among his / her cells would sooner or later accumulate a set of mutations adequate for cancer to develop. ^

烟草使用、酒精消费、不健康饮食、缺乏身体活动和空气污染是癌症(以及其他非传染性疾病)的危险因素。

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